ELISA Kit for Detecting Deoxynivalenol Contamination in Wheat.
Development of a Direct Competitive ELISAKit for Detecting Deoxynivalenol Contamination in Wheat
This study was conducted to develop a self-assembled direct competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (dcELISA) kit for the detection of deoxynivalenol (DON) in food and feed grains.
Based on the preparation of anti-DON monoclonal antibodies, we established a standard curve with dcELISA and optimized the detection conditions.
The performance of the kit was evaluated by comparison with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The minimum detection limit of DON with the kit was 0.62 ng/mL, the linear range was from 1.0 to 113.24 ng/mL and the half-maximal inhibition concentration (IC50) was 6.61 ng/mL in the working buffer; there was a limit of detection (LOD) of 62 ng/g, and the detection range was from 100 to 11324 ng/g in authentic agricultural samples.
We examined four samples of wheat bran, wheat flour, corn flour and corn for DON recovery. The average recovery was in the range of 77.1% to 107.0%, and the relative standard deviation (RSD) ranged from 4.2% to 11.9%. In addition, the kit has the advantages of high specificity, good stability, a long effective life and negligible sample matrix interference. Finally, wheat samples from farms in the six provinces of Henan, Anhui, Hebei, Shandong, Jiangsu and Gansu in China were analyzed by the kit.
iotanano
A total of 30 samples were randomly checked (five samples in each province), and the results were in good agreement with the standardized HPLC method.
These tests showed that the dcELISA kit had good performance and met relevant technical requirements, and it had the characteristics of accuracy, reliability, convenience and high-throughput screening for DON detection. Therefore, the developed kit is suitable for rapid screening of DON in marketed products.
Description: BD-1 Rat Recombinant produced in E.coli is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 37 amino acids and having a molecular mass of 4.1kDa.;The BD-1 is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Human beta-Defensin-1 (BD-1) ELISA Kit, 96 tests, Quantitative
Description: Defensins (alpha and beta) are cationic peptides with a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity that comprise an important arm of the innate immune system. The α-defensins are distinguished from the β-defensins by the pairing of their three disulfide bonds. To date, six human β-defensins have been identified; BD-1, BD-2, BD-3, BD-4, BD-5 and BD-6. β-defensins are expressed on some leukocytes and at epithelial surfaces. In addition to their direct antimicrobial activities, they can act as chemoattractants towards immature dendritic cells and memory T cells. The β-defensin proteins are expressed as the C-terminal portion of precursors and are released by proteolytic cleavage of a signal sequence and in some cases, a propeptide sequence. β-defensins contain a six-cysteine motif that forms three intra-molecular disulfide bonds. Recombinant human BD-1 is a 3.9 kDa protein containing 36 amino acid residues.
Description: Defensins (alpha and beta) are cationic peptides with a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity that comprise an important arm of the innate immune system. The α-defensins are distinguished from the β-defensins by the pairing of their three disulfide bonds. To date, six human β-defensins have been identified; BD-1, BD-2, BD-3, BD-4, BD-5 and BD-6. β-defensins are expressed on some leukocytes and at epithelial surfaces. In addition to their direct antimicrobial activities, they can act as chemoattractants towards immature dendritic cells and memory T cells. The β-defensin proteins are expressed as the C-terminal portion of precursors and are released by proteolytic cleavage of a signal sequence and in some cases, a propeptide sequence. β-defensins contain a six-cysteine motif that forms three intra-molecular disulfide bonds. Recombinant human BD-3 is a 5.1 kDa protein containing 45 amino acid residues.
Description: Defensins (alpha and beta) are cationic peptides with a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity that comprise an important arm of the innate immune system. The α-defensins are distinguished from the β-defensins by the pairing of their three disulfide bonds. To date, six human β-defensins have been identified; BD-1, BD-2, BD-3, BD-4, BD-5 and BD-6. β-defensins are expressed on some leukocytes and at epithelial surfaces. In addition to their direct antimicrobial activities, they can act as chemoattractants towards immature dendritic cells and memory T cells. The β-defensin proteins are expressed as the C-terminal portion of precursors and are released by proteolytic cleavage of a signal sequence and in some cases, a propeptide sequence. β-defensins contain a six-cysteine motif that forms three intra-molecular disulfide bonds. BD-4 is expressed in testis, stomach, uterus, neutrophils, thyroid, lung and kidney. In addition to its direct antimicrobial activities, BD-4 is chemoattractant towards human blood monocytes. Recombinant human BD-4 is a 6.0 kDa protein containing 50 amino acid residues.
Rabbit Anti-Human beta-Defensin 1 (BD-1/hBD-1), IgG #1, aff pure
Description: Beta Defensin-3 Human Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 45 amino acids and having a molecular mass of 5161.2 Dalton. ;The BD-3 is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Description: Beta Defensin-4 Human Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 50 amino acids and having a molecular mass of 6 kDa. ;The BD-4 is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Human beta-Defensin-2 (BD-2) ELISA Kit, 96 tests, Quantitative
Comparison of four commercially available ELISAkits for diagnosis of Fasciola hepatica in Irish cattle.
Fasciola hepatica is a liver parasite of mammals and it results in poor welfare outcomes and economic losses in ruminants. While faecal egg count is the test most commonly used for diagnosis, it does not indicate presence of migrating immature stages.
Serological techniques increase sensitivity at all stages of the liver fluke infection. The aim of this study was to compare four commercially available ELISA tests for the diagnosis of F. hepatica. For this purpose, we tested three sample types; (i) known F. hepatica status sera from an experimental infection for the comparison of sensitivities and specificities, (ii) sera from pre- and post-flukicide-treated (albendazole, closantel, nitroxynil and triclabendazole) beef cattle to contrast the differences of seropositivity before and after treatment, and (iii) bulk tank milk samples from dairy herds sampled during high and low F.
hepatica exposure periods for assessing seasonal variations with the four tests available. Samples were tested using ELISA kits supplied by four manufacturers (Ildana Biotech, IDEXX, Svanova, and Bio-X). Samples were analysed simultaneously and in duplicate. In the control population Ildana, IDEXX and Bio-X presented 100% sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp), Svanovir presented a Se of 59% and a Sp of 96%. In flukicide-treated beef cattle, kits highlighted decreasing antibody levels 90 days post-treatment in variable degrees.
Finally, bulk milk showed a significant decrease in ELISA value between high and low fluke exposure periods with all tests studied.Se and Sp found in the present study, confirm that Ildana, IDEXX and Bio-X are accurate for the detection of F. hepatica exposure in Irish cattle. Svanovir Se and Sp in this population, indicate that a larger study is necessary to confirm this test characteristic in Irish herds.
In post-treatment use, Bio-X showed a consistent and significant decrease of ELISA value in all groups treated, denoting to be a reliable tool for assessing treatment effect at 90 days post-treatment. Finally, all tests showed to be a reliable tool for the F. hepatica monitoring of high and low exposure seasons, using bulk tank milk samples.
Description: Beta Defensin-2 Human Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 41 amino acids and having a molecular mass of 4.3 kDa. ;The BD-2 is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Description: Beta Defensin-2 Mouse Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 51 amino acids and having a molecular mass of 5.5kDa. ;The BD-2 is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Human beta-Defensin-2 (BD-2) ELISA Kit, 96 tests, Quantitative
Description: Defensins (alpha and beta) are cationic peptides with a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity that comprise an important arm of the innate immune system. The α-defensins are distinguished from the β-defensins by the pairing of their three disulfide bonds. To date, six human β-defensins have been identified; BD-1, BD-2, BD-3, BD-4, BD-5 and BD-6. β-defensins are expressed on some leukocytes and at epithelial surfaces. In addition to their direct antimicrobial activities, they can act as chemoattractants towards immature dendritic cells and memory T cells. The β-defensin proteins are expressed as the C-terminal portion of precursors and are released by proteolytic cleavage of a signal sequence and in some cases, a propeptide sequence. β-defensins contain a six-cysteine motif that forms three intra-molecular disulfide bonds. Recombinant human BD-1 is a 5.0 kDa protein containing 47 amino acid residues.
Description: The three mammalian isoforms of TGF-β, TGF-β1, β2, β3, signal through the same receptor and elicit similar biological responses. They are multifunctional cytokines that regulate cell proliferation, growth, differentiation and motility as well as synthesis and deposition of the extracellular matrix. They are involved in various physiological processes including embryogenesis, tissue remodeling and wound healing. They are secreted predominantly as latent complexes which are stored at the cell surface and in the extracellular matrix. The release of biologically active TGF-β isoform from a latent complex involves proteolytic processing of the complex and /or induction of conformational changes by proteins such as thrombospondin-1. TGF-β2 has been shown to exert suppressive effects on IL-2 dependent T-cell growth, and may also have an autocrine function in enhancing tumor growth by suppressing immuno-surveillance of tumor development. Recombinant human TGF-β2 is a 25.0 kDa protein composed of two identical 112 amino acid polypeptide chains linked by a single disulfide bond. * Manufactured using (BTI-Tn-5B1-4) cells under license from the Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Inc.
Description: B2M Recombinant Human produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 120 amino acids (1-119 a.a.) and having a molecular mass of 14 kDa. The B2M is fused to a 21 amino acid His-Tag at N-terminus and purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Description: Beta Defensin-1 Human Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 47 amino acids and having a molecular mass of 5 kDa.;The BD-1 is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Description: Beta Defensin-3 Human Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 45 amino acids and having a molecular mass of 5161.2 Dalton. ;The BD-3 is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Description: Beta Defensin-4 Human Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 50 amino acids and having a molecular mass of 6 kDa. ;The BD-4 is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Description: A sandwich quantitative ELISA assay kit for detection of Human Defensin Beta 2 (DEFb2) in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates, cell culture supernates or other biological fluids.
Description: A sandwich quantitative ELISA assay kit for detection of Human Defensin Beta 2 (DEFb2) in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates, cell culture supernates or other biological fluids.
Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Human Defensin Beta 2 (DEFb2) in serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates, cell culture supernates and other biological fluids.
Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Human Defensin Beta 2 (DEFb2) in serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates, cell culture supernates and other biological fluids.
Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Human Defensin Beta 2 (DEFb2) in serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates, cell culture supernates and other biological fluids.
Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Human Defensin Beta 2 (DEFb2) in serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates, cell culture supernates and other biological fluids.
Description: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on the Double-antibody Sandwich method for detection of Human Defensin Beta 2 (DEFb2) in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates, cell culture supernates and other biological fluids with no significant corss-reactivity with analogues from other species.
Description: Interleukin-2 Human Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated, Polypeptide chain containing 133 amino acids fragment (21-153) having a molecular weight of 20kDa and fused with a 4.5kDa amino-terminal hexahistidine tag. _x000D_ The IL-2 His is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques._x000D_
Description: Can be used for various proteomics studies in both normal and pathological cases. It is an excellent control and suitable for educational purposes. This product is prepared from whole tissue homogenates and has undergone SDS-PAGE quality control analysis. The protein is stored in a buffer with protease inhibitor cocktail fo prevent degradation.
Description: BD-4 Rat Recombinant produced in E.coli is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 41 amino acids and having a molecular mass of 4.4kDa.;The BD-4 is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Description: BD-1 Rat Recombinant produced in E.coli is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 37 amino acids and having a molecular mass of 4.1kDa.;The BD-1 is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Description: Beta Defensin-3 Mouse Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 41 amino acids and having a molecular mass of 4.6kDa. ;The BD-3 is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Description: BD 1 Mouse Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated, polypeptide chain containing 37 amino acids and having a molecular mass of 4.1 KDa.;The BD 1 Mouse is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Description: BD-3 Rat Recombinant produced in E.coli is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 41 amino acids and having a molecular mass of 4.5kDa.;The BD-3 is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Description: A sandwich ELISA kit for detection of Defensin Beta 2 from Human in samples from blood, serum, plasma, cell culture fluid and other biological fluids.
Description: Quantitative sandwich ELISA for measuring Human Beta-defensin 2 (DEFB2) in samples from cell culture supernatants, serum, whole blood, plasma and other biological fluids.
