ELISA Kit for Detecting Deoxynivalenol Contamination in Wheat.
Development of a Direct Competitive ELISAKit for Detecting Deoxynivalenol Contamination in Wheat
This study was conducted to develop a self-assembled direct competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (dcELISA) kit for the detection of deoxynivalenol (DON) in food and feed grains.
Based on the preparation of anti-DON monoclonal antibodies, we established a standard curve with dcELISA and optimized the detection conditions.
The performance of the kit was evaluated by comparison with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The minimum detection limit of DON with the kit was 0.62 ng/mL, the linear range was from 1.0 to 113.24 ng/mL and the half-maximal inhibition concentration (IC50) was 6.61 ng/mL in the working buffer; there was a limit of detection (LOD) of 62 ng/g, and the detection range was from 100 to 11324 ng/g in authentic agricultural samples.
We examined four samples of wheat bran, wheat flour, corn flour and corn for DON recovery. The average recovery was in the range of 77.1% to 107.0%, and the relative standard deviation (RSD) ranged from 4.2% to 11.9%. In addition, the kit has the advantages of high specificity, good stability, a long effective life and negligible sample matrix interference. Finally, wheat samples from farms in the six provinces of Henan, Anhui, Hebei, Shandong, Jiangsu and Gansu in China were analyzed by the kit.
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A total of 30 samples were randomly checked (five samples in each province), and the results were in good agreement with the standardized HPLC method.
These tests showed that the dcELISA kit had good performance and met relevant technical requirements, and it had the characteristics of accuracy, reliability, convenience and high-throughput screening for DON detection. Therefore, the developed kit is suitable for rapid screening of DON in marketed products.
Custom Antibody titration by ELISA up to 2 rabbits and 1 bleed
Description: Beta Defensin-1 Human Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 47 amino acids and having a molecular mass of 5 kDa.;The BD-1 is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Human beta-Defensin-1 (BD-1) ELISA Kit, 96 tests, Quantitative
Description: BD 1 Mouse Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated, polypeptide chain containing 37 amino acids and having a molecular mass of 4.1 KDa.;The BD 1 Mouse is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Description: BD-1 Rat Recombinant produced in E.coli is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 37 amino acids and having a molecular mass of 4.1kDa.;The BD-1 is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Description: Defensins (alpha and beta) are cationic peptides with a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity that comprise an important arm of the innate immune system. The α-defensins are distinguished from the β-defensins by the pairing of their three disulfide bonds. To date, six human β-defensins have been identified; BD-1, BD-2, BD-3, BD-4, BD-5 and BD-6. β-defensins are expressed on some leukocytes and at epithelial surfaces. In addition to their direct antimicrobial activities, they can act as chemoattractants towards immature dendritic cells and memory T cells. The β-defensin proteins are expressed as the C-terminal portion of precursors and are released by proteolytic cleavage of a signal sequence and in some cases, a propeptide sequence. β-defensins contain a six-cysteine motif that forms three intra-molecular disulfide bonds. Recombinant human BD-1 is a 3.9 kDa protein containing 36 amino acid residues.
Description: Defensins (alpha and beta) are cationic peptides with a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity that comprise an important arm of the innate immune system. The α-defensins are distinguished from the β-defensins by the pairing of their three disulfide bonds. To date, six human β-defensins have been identified; BD-1, BD-2, BD-3, BD-4, BD-5 and BD-6. β-defensins are expressed on some leukocytes and at epithelial surfaces. In addition to their direct antimicrobial activities, they can act as chemoattractants towards immature dendritic cells and memory T cells. The β-defensin proteins are expressed as the C-terminal portion of precursors and are released by proteolytic cleavage of a signal sequence and in some cases, a propeptide sequence. β-defensins contain a six-cysteine motif that forms three intra-molecular disulfide bonds. Recombinant human BD-3 is a 5.1 kDa protein containing 45 amino acid residues.
Description: Defensins (alpha and beta) are cationic peptides with a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity that comprise an important arm of the innate immune system. The α-defensins are distinguished from the β-defensins by the pairing of their three disulfide bonds. To date, six human β-defensins have been identified; BD-1, BD-2, BD-3, BD-4, BD-5 and BD-6. β-defensins are expressed on some leukocytes and at epithelial surfaces. In addition to their direct antimicrobial activities, they can act as chemoattractants towards immature dendritic cells and memory T cells. The β-defensin proteins are expressed as the C-terminal portion of precursors and are released by proteolytic cleavage of a signal sequence and in some cases, a propeptide sequence. β-defensins contain a six-cysteine motif that forms three intra-molecular disulfide bonds. BD-4 is expressed in testis, stomach, uterus, neutrophils, thyroid, lung and kidney. In addition to its direct antimicrobial activities, BD-4 is chemoattractant towards human blood monocytes. Recombinant human BD-4 is a 6.0 kDa protein containing 50 amino acid residues.
Rabbit Anti-Human beta-Defensin 1 (BD-1/hBD-1), IgG #1, aff pure
Description: Beta Defensin-3 Human Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 45 amino acids and having a molecular mass of 5161.2 Dalton. ;The BD-3 is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Description: Beta Defensin-4 Human Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 50 amino acids and having a molecular mass of 6 kDa. ;The BD-4 is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Comparison of four commercially available ELISAkits for diagnosis of Fasciola hepatica in Irish cattle.
Fasciola hepatica is a liver parasite of mammals and it results in poor welfare outcomes and economic losses in ruminants. While faecal egg count is the test most commonly used for diagnosis, it does not indicate presence of migrating immature stages.
Serological techniques increase sensitivity at all stages of the liver fluke infection. The aim of this study was to compare four commercially available ELISA tests for the diagnosis of F. hepatica. For this purpose, we tested three sample types; (i) known F. hepatica status sera from an experimental infection for the comparison of sensitivities and specificities, (ii) sera from pre- and post-flukicide-treated (albendazole, closantel, nitroxynil and triclabendazole) beef cattle to contrast the differences of seropositivity before and after treatment, and (iii) bulk tank milk samples from dairy herds sampled during high and low F.
hepatica exposure periods for assessing seasonal variations with the four tests available. Samples were tested using ELISA kits supplied by four manufacturers (Ildana Biotech, IDEXX, Svanova, and Bio-X). Samples were analysed simultaneously and in duplicate. In the control population Ildana, IDEXX and Bio-X presented 100% sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp), Svanovir presented a Se of 59% and a Sp of 96%. In flukicide-treated beef cattle, kits highlighted decreasing antibody levels 90 days post-treatment in variable degrees.
Finally, bulk milk showed a significant decrease in ELISA value between high and low fluke exposure periods with all tests studied.Se and Sp found in the present study, confirm that Ildana, IDEXX and Bio-X are accurate for the detection of F. hepatica exposure in Irish cattle. Svanovir Se and Sp in this population, indicate that a larger study is necessary to confirm this test characteristic in Irish herds.
In post-treatment use, Bio-X showed a consistent and significant decrease of ELISA value in all groups treated, denoting to be a reliable tool for assessing treatment effect at 90 days post-treatment. Finally, all tests showed to be a reliable tool for the F. hepatica monitoring of high and low exposure seasons, using bulk tank milk samples.
Description: Defensins (alpha and beta) are cationic peptides with a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity that comprise an important arm of the innate immune system. The α-defensins are distinguished from the β-defensins by the pairing of their three disulfide bonds. To date, six human β-defensins have been identified; BD-1, BD-2, BD-3, BD-4, BD-5 and BD-6. β-defensins are expressed on some leukocytes and at epithelial surfaces. In addition to their direct antimicrobial activities, they can act as chemoattractants towards immature dendritic cells and memory T cells. The β-defensin proteins are expressed as the C-terminal portion of precursors and are released by proteolytic cleavage of a signal sequence and in some cases, a propeptide sequence. β-defensins contain a six-cysteine motif that forms three intra-molecular disulfide bonds. Recombinant human BD-2 is a 4.3 kDa protein containing 41 amino acid residues.
Description: Beta Defensin-2 Human Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 41 amino acids and having a molecular mass of 4.3 kDa. ;The BD-2 is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Human beta-Defensin-2 (BD-2) ELISA Kit, 96 tests, Quantitative
Description: Beta Defensin-2 Mouse Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 51 amino acids and having a molecular mass of 5.5kDa. ;The BD-2 is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Description: Defensins (alpha and beta) are cationic peptides with a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity that comprise an important arm of the innate immune system. The α-defensins are distinguished from the β-defensins by the pairing of their three disulfide bonds. To date, six human β-defensins have been identified; BD-1, BD-2, BD-3, BD-4, BD-5 and BD-6. β-defensins are expressed on some leukocytes and at epithelial surfaces. In addition to their direct antimicrobial activities, they can act as chemoattractants towards immature dendritic cells and memory T cells. The β-defensin proteins are expressed as the C-terminal portion of precursors and are released by proteolytic cleavage of a signal sequence and in some cases, a propeptide sequence. β-defensins contain a six-cysteine motif that forms three intra-molecular disulfide bonds. Recombinant human BD-1 is a 5.0 kDa protein containing 47 amino acid residues.
Human beta-Defensin 2 (BD-2/hBD-2)control/blocking peptide #1
Description: The three mammalian isoforms of TGF-β, TGF-β1, β2, β3, signal through the same receptor and elicit similar biological responses. They are multifunctional cytokines that regulate cell proliferation, growth, differentiation and motility as well as synthesis and deposition of the extracellular matrix. They are involved in various physiological processes including embryogenesis, tissue remodeling and wound healing. They are secreted predominantly as latent complexes which are stored at the cell surface and in the extracellular matrix. The release of biologically active TGF-β isoform from a latent complex involves proteolytic processing of the complex and /or induction of conformational changes by proteins such as thrombospondin-1. TGF-β2 has been shown to exert suppressive effects on IL-2 dependent T-cell growth, and may also have an autocrine function in enhancing tumor growth by suppressing immuno-surveillance of tumor development. Recombinant human TGF-β2 is a 25.0 kDa protein composed of two identical 112 amino acid polypeptide chains linked by a single disulfide bond. * Manufactured using (BTI-Tn-5B1-4) cells under license from the Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Inc.
Description: B2M Recombinant Human produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 120 amino acids (1-119 a.a.) and having a molecular mass of 14 kDa. The B2M is fused to a 21 amino acid His-Tag at N-terminus and purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Description: Beta Defensin-1 Human Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 47 amino acids and having a molecular mass of 5 kDa.;The BD-1 is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Description: Beta Defensin-3 Human Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 45 amino acids and having a molecular mass of 5161.2 Dalton. ;The BD-3 is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Description: Beta Defensin-4 Human Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 50 amino acids and having a molecular mass of 6 kDa. ;The BD-4 is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Should the Human Defensin Beta 2 (DEFb2) ELISA Kit is proven to show malperformance, you will receive a refund or a free replacement.
Description: A sandwich quantitative ELISA assay kit for detection of Human Defensin Beta 2 (DEFb2) in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates, cell culture supernates or other biological fluids.
Should the Human Defensin Beta 2 (DEFb2) ELISA Kit is proven to show malperformance, you will receive a refund or a free replacement.
Description: A sandwich quantitative ELISA assay kit for detection of Human Defensin Beta 2 (DEFb2) in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates, cell culture supernates or other biological fluids.
The Intra-assay Precision is determined when 3 samples with low, middle and high level of Human Defensin Beta 2 (DEFb2) were tested on 3 different plates, 8 replicates in each plate
CV(%) = SD/meanX100
Intra-Assay: CV<10%
Inter-Assay: CV<12%
Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Human Defensin Beta 2 (DEFb2) in serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates, cell culture supernates and other biological fluids.
The Intra-assay Precision is determined when 3 samples with low, middle and high level of Human Defensin Beta 2 (DEFb2) were tested on 3 different plates, 8 replicates in each plate
CV(%) = SD/meanX100
Intra-Assay: CV<10%
Inter-Assay: CV<12%
Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Human Defensin Beta 2 (DEFb2) in serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates, cell culture supernates and other biological fluids.
The Intra-assay Precision is determined when 3 samples with low, middle and high level of Human Defensin Beta 2 (DEFb2) were tested on 3 different plates, 8 replicates in each plate
CV(%) = SD/meanX100
Intra-Assay: CV<10%
Inter-Assay: CV<12%
Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Human Defensin Beta 2 (DEFb2) in serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates, cell culture supernates and other biological fluids.
The Intra-assay Precision is determined when 3 samples with low, middle and high level of Human Defensin Beta 2 (DEFb2) were tested on 3 different plates, 8 replicates in each plate
CV(%) = SD/meanX100
Intra-Assay: CV<10%
Inter-Assay: CV<12%
Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Human Defensin Beta 2 (DEFb2) in serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates, cell culture supernates and other biological fluids.
Known also as Defensin Beta 2 elisa. Alternative names of the recognized antigen: B-DF2
DEFB2
BD2
DEF-B2
HBD2
DEFB102
HBD-2
SAP1
DEFB4A
DEFB4
Skin-Antimicrobial Peptide 1
Description: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on the Double-antibody Sandwich method for detection of Human Defensin Beta 2 (DEFb2) in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates, cell culture supernates and other biological fluids with no significant corss-reactivity with analogues from other species.
No significant cross-reactivity with analogues from other species was determined. Please, note that the data on cross-reactivity is limited. Other samples, aside from the tested ones, may be suitable to be used with this kit.
Description: This ELISA kit uses the Sandwich-ELISA principle. The micro ELISA plate provided in this kit has been pre-coated with an antibody specific to Human DEFβ2/DEFB2. Standards or samples are added to the micro ELISA plate wells and combined with the specific antibody. Then a biotinylated detection antibody specific for Human DEFβ2/DEFB2 and Avidin-Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) conjugate are added successively to each micro plate well and incubated. Free components are washed away. The substrate solution is added to each well. Only those wells that contain Human DEFβ2/DEFB2, biotinylated detection antibody and Avidin-HRP conjugate will appear blue in color. The enzyme-substrate reaction is terminated by the addition of stop solution and the color turns yellow. The optical density (OD) is measured spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 450 nm ± 2 nm. The OD value is proportional to the concentration of Human DEFβ2/DEFB2. You can calculate the concentration of Human DEFβ2/DEFB2 in the samples by comparing the OD of the samples to the standard curve.
No significant cross-reactivity with analogues from other species was determined. Please, note that the data on cross-reactivity is limited. Other samples, aside from the tested ones, may be suitable to be used with this kit.
Description: This ELISA kit uses the Sandwich-ELISA principle. The micro ELISA plate provided in this kit has been pre-coated with an antibody specific to Human DEFβ2/DEFB2. Standards or samples are added to the micro ELISA plate wells and combined with the specific antibody. Then a biotinylated detection antibody specific for Human DEFβ2/DEFB2 and Avidin-Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) conjugate are added successively to each micro plate well and incubated. Free components are washed away. The substrate solution is added to each well. Only those wells that contain Human DEFβ2/DEFB2, biotinylated detection antibody and Avidin-HRP conjugate will appear blue in color. The enzyme-substrate reaction is terminated by the addition of stop solution and the color turns yellow. The optical density (OD) is measured spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 450 nm ± 2 nm. The OD value is proportional to the concentration of Human DEFβ2/DEFB2. You can calculate the concentration of Human DEFβ2/DEFB2 in the samples by comparing the OD of the samples to the standard curve.
Description: BD-4 Rat Recombinant produced in E.coli is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 41 amino acids and having a molecular mass of 4.4kDa.;The BD-4 is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Description: BD-1 Rat Recombinant produced in E.coli is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 37 amino acids and having a molecular mass of 4.1kDa.;The BD-1 is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Description: BD 1 Mouse Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated, polypeptide chain containing 37 amino acids and having a molecular mass of 4.1 KDa.;The BD 1 Mouse is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Description: BD-3 Rat Recombinant produced in E.coli is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 41 amino acids and having a molecular mass of 4.5kDa.;The BD-3 is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Description: Beta Defensin-3 Mouse Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 41 amino acids and having a molecular mass of 4.6kDa. ;The BD-3 is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
IL-2 Interleukin-2 Human Recombinant Protein, His Tag
Description: Interleukin-2 Human Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated, Polypeptide chain containing 133 amino acids fragment (21-153) having a molecular weight of 20kDa and fused with a 4.5kDa amino-terminal hexahistidine tag. _x000D_ The IL-2 His is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques._x000D_
Custom Antibody titration by ELISA up to 2 rabbits and 1 bleed 
BD-1 Beta Defensin-1 Human Recombinant Protein  ELISA Kit, 96 tests, Quantitative)
Human beta-Defensin-1 (BD-1) ELISA Kit, 96 tests, Quantitative 
BD-1 Beta Defensin-1 Mouse Recombinant Protein 
BD-1 Beta Defensin -1 Rat Recombinant Protein  Protein)
Recombinant Human BD-1 (36 a.a.) Protein 
Human BD-4/beta-Defensin 4 ELISA Kit 
Human BD-2/beta-Defensin 2 ELISA Kit  AssayMax ELISA Kit)
Human Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) AssayMax ELISA Kit 
BD-2, beta-Defensin 2, human 
BD-3, beta-Defensin 3, human 
BD-4, beta-Defensin 4, human  control/blocking peptide #1)
Human beta-Defensin 1 (BD-1/hBD-1) control/blocking peptide #1  antiserum #1)
Rabbit Anti-Human beta-Defensin 1 (BD-1/hBD-1) antiserum #1  AssayMax ELISA Kit)
Mouse Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) AssayMax ELISA Kit 
Human TGF-beta-1 AssayMax ELISA Kit  Antibody)
Defensin Beta 2 (BD-2) Antibody  Protein)
Human Defensin Beta 2 (BD-2) Protein  control/blocking peptide #1)
Human beta-Defensin 3 (BD-3) control/blocking peptide #1 
Recombinant Human BD-3 Protein 
Recombinant Human BD-4 Protein , IgG #1, aff pure)
Rabbit Anti-Human beta-Defensin 1 (BD-1/hBD-1), IgG #1, aff pure 
BD-3 Beta Defensin-3 Human Recombinant Protein 
BD-4 Beta Defensin-4 Human Recombinant Protein  Antibody (Biotin))
Defensin Beta 2 (BD-2) Antibody (Biotin)  ELISA Kit, 96 tests, Quantitative)
Human beta-Defensin-2 (BD-2) ELISA Kit, 96 tests, Quantitative  ELISA Kit, 96 tests, Quantitative)
Human beta-Defensin-3 (BD-3) ELISA Kit, 96 tests, Quantitative control/blocking peptide #1)
Human beta-Defensin 2 (BD-2/hBD-2)control/blocking peptide #1 antiserum #1)
Rabbit Anti-Human beta-Defensin 2 (BD-2/hBD-2)antiserum #1  IgG #1 aff pure)
Rabbit Anti-human beta-Defensin 3 (BD-3) IgG #1 aff pure 
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, IgG #1, aff pure)
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